Stroke signs and symptoms
What to Do If Someone Is Having a Stroke
A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention, as every minute is vital. If you experience or spot any of the signs below, don’t wait—call 999 straight away.
How to Identify a Stroke
The FAST acronym (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) is a quick test to identify the most common signs of stroke:
- Face weakness: Can the person smile? Has their mouth or eye drooped?
- Arm weakness: Can the person raise both arms fully and keep them there?
- Speech problems: Can the person speak clearly and understand what you say? Is their speech slurred?
- Time: If you see any one of these signs, call 999.
Remember: Face, Arm or Speech—at the first sign, it’s Time to call 999.
Acting FAST gives the person the best chance of survival and recovery. Even if it doesn’t seem serious, treat any of these signs as an emergency.
Other Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke
Besides the FAST symptoms, look out for:
- Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, including legs, hands, or feet.
- Difficulty finding words or speaking in clear sentences.
- Sudden blurred vision or loss of sight in one or both eyes.
- Sudden memory loss or confusion.
- Sudden dizziness, unsteadiness, or a sudden fall.
- A sudden, severe headache.
If you spot any one of these signs or symptoms, call 999 immediately.

How Long Do Stroke Symptoms Last?
Symptoms vary but often come on suddenly. If they last only a short time, it could be a transient ischaemic attack (TIA), also known as a mini stroke. This is still a medical emergency.
Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)
What Is a TIA?
A TIA is the same as a stroke, but the symptoms last a short time—usually between a few minutes and a few hours, and always resolve within 24 hours. It’s caused by a temporary blockage of blood supply to the brain.
Symptoms of a TIA
The symptoms of a TIA are the same as a stroke. Use the FAST test to identify it. Even if symptoms pass quickly, call 999 without delay.
Why Is It Urgent?
Even if you feel fine afterwards, a TIA is a warning that you’re at risk of a full stroke, especially in the days and weeks following. It’s crucial to find out the cause and get treatment immediately.
Why Did I Have a TIA?
Clots in the brain can happen due to several risk factors such as:
- High blood pressure
- Heart problems
- Smoking
Your doctor will investigate you
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